PostgreSQL full changelog

Improve behavior of libpq's quoting functions (Andres Freund, Tom Lane) § § §
The changes made for CVE-2025-1094 had one serious oversight: PQescapeLiteral() and PQescapeIdentifier() failed to honor their string length parameter, instead always reading to the input string's trailing null. This resulted in including unwanted text in the output, if the caller intended to truncate the string via the length parameter. With very bad luck it could cause a crash due to reading off the end of memory.
In addition, modify all these quoting functions so that when invalid encoding is detected, an invalid sequence is substituted for just the first byte of the presumed character, not all of it. This reduces the risk of problems if a calling application performs additional processing on the quoted string.
Fix small memory leak in pg_createsubscriber (Ranier Vilela) §
Fix meson build system to correctly detect availability of the bsd_auth.h system header (Nazir Bilal Yavuz) §

Harden PQescapeString and allied functions against invalidly-encoded input strings (Andres Freund, Noah Misch)
Data-quoting functions supplied by libpq now fully check the encoding validity of their input. If invalid characters are detected, they report an error if possible. For the ones that lack an error return convention, the output string is adjusted to ensure that the server will report invalid encoding and no intervening processing will be fooled by bytes that might happen to match single quote, backslash, etc.
The purpose of this change is to guard against SQL-injection attacks that are possible if one of these functions is used to quote crafted input. There is no hazard when the resulting string is sent directly to a PostgreSQL server (which would check its encoding anyway), but there is a risk when it is passed through psql or other client-side code. Historically such code has not carefully vetted encoding, and in many cases it's not clear what it should do if it did detect such a problem.
This fix is effective only if the data-quoting function, the server, and any intermediate processing agree on the character encoding that's being used. Applications that insert untrusted input into SQL commands should take special care to ensure that that's true.
Applications and drivers that quote untrusted input without using these libpq functions may be at risk of similar problems. They should first confirm the data is valid in the encoding expected by the server.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Stephen Fewer for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-1094)
Restore auto-truncation of database and user names appearing in connection requests (Nathan Bossart)
This reverts a v17 change that proved to cause trouble for some users. Over-length names should be truncated in an encoding-aware fashion, but for now just return to the former behavior of blind truncation at NAMEDATALEN-1 bytes.
Exclude parallel workers from connection privilege checks and limits (Tom Lane)
Do not check da

New memory management system for VACUUM, which reduces memory consumption and can improve overall vacuuming performance.
New SQL/JSON capabilities, including constructors, identity functions, and the JSON_TABLE() function, which converts JSON data into a table representation.
Various query performance improvements, including for sequential reads using streaming I/O, write throughput under high concurrency, and searches over multiple values in a btree index.
New client-side connection option, sslnegotiation=direct, that performs a direct TLS handshake to avoid a round-trip negotiation.
pg_basebackup now supports incremental backup.
COPY adds a new option, ON_ERROR ignore, that allows a copy operation to continue in the event of an error.
Logical replication enhancements, including:
Failover control
pg_createsubscriber, a utility that creates logical replicas from physical standbys
pg_upgrade now preserves replication slots on both publishers and subscribers

Avoid incorrect results from "Merge Right Anti Join" plans, where if the inner relation is known to have unique join keys, the merge could misbehave when there are duplicated join keys in the outer relation.
Prevent infinite loop in VACUUM.
Fix partition pruning setup during ALTER TABLE DETACH ... PARTITION CONCURRENTLY.
Fix behavior of stable functions that are used as an argument to a CALL statement.
pg_sequence_last_value() now returns NULL instead of throwing an error when called on unlogged sequences on standby servers and on temporary sequences of other sessions.
Fix parsing of ignored operators in websearch_to_tsquery().
Correctly check updatability of view columns targeted by INSERT ... DEFAULT.
Lock owned sequences during ALTER TABLE ... SET LOGGED|UNLOGGED.
Don't throw an error if a queued AFTER trigger no longer exists.
Fix selection of an arbiter index for INSERT ... ON CONFLICT when the desired index has expressions or predicates, for example, through an updatable view.
Refuse to modify a temporary table of another session with ALTER TABLE.
Fix handling of extended statistics on expressions in CREATE TABLE ... LIKE STATISTICS.
Fix failure to recalculate sub-queries generated from MIN() or MAX() aggregates.
Disallow underscores in positional parameters.
Avoid crashing when a JIT-inlined backend function throws an error.
Fix handling of subtransactions of prepared transactions when starting a hot standby server.
Prevent incorrect initialization of logical replication slots.
Fix memory leak in the logical replication WAL sender when publishing changes to a partitioned table whose partitions have row types that are physically different from the table.
Disable creation of stateful TLS session tickets by OpenSSL.
Fix how PL/pgSQL handles integer ranges containing underscores (e.g., FOR i IN 1_001..1_002).
Fix incompatibility between PL/Perl and Perl 5.40.
Several fixes related to recursive PL/Python functions and triggers.
Ensure that pg_restore -l